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The use of cement is not favorable for the environment, and therefore, other supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash, sawdust ash, zeolite, rice husk ash, and blast furnace slag are used ...
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The current paper study's major goal is to examine the strength of the concrete when Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used to partially replace cement. …
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RESULTS FOR SLAG IN CONCRETE. Definition: granulated blast-furnace slag that has been finely ground and that is hydraulic cement.-. ACI Concrete Terminology. The use of slag in concrete has several benefits, including reduced energy, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced use of raw materials. Various types of …
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Ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS), a byproduct of iron manufacturing process, has been increasingly used for partial or full replacement of cement [11, 17, 42]. Due to the slow hydration ...
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF SLAG CEMENT IN CONCRETE AND MORTAR (ACI 233R-17) cement and granules are also being imported from various countries into the United States. According to Van Oss (2015), 7,600,000 Mg of iron blast-furnace slag was produced in the United States in 2013; 2,300,000 Mg of that being granulated, and 5,300,000 Mg air …
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Portland Slag Cement (PSC) is a type of cement that has gained popularity in the construction industry due to its unique properties and numerous advantages. It is a …
DetailsGreenhouse gas emissions of granulated blast furnace slag in concrete are assessed. • Ground granulated blast furnace slag can result in a 47.5% greenhouse gas reduction. • Supply of ground granulated blast furnace slag is key to greenhouse gas reductions. • Improved environmental certification schemes should account for market …
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Fig. 6. Carbonation coefficient, B, calculated from carbonation depths measured at two years of mortars made of ground granulated blast-furnace slag cured for zero, one, three, seven, 14 and 28 days. In Portland cements CEM I, calcium carbonate formation causes pore blocking which reduce the carbonation progress.
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Production of blast furnace slag cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is the glassy material formed from molten slag produced in blast furnaces as an industrial by-product from the production of iron used in steelmaking. As shown in the following figure, molten slag is collected and to transform the molten slag into a …
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Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. It is a …
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In this review, steel slag usage in the cement and concrete industry and its environmental effects were examined. Also, its physical and chemical structure, its effect on the …
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IS : 12089 - 1987. 2.1 Granulated Slag - Slag is a non-metallic product consisting essenti-. ally of glass containing silicates and aluminates of lime and other bases, as in the case of blastfurnace slag, which is developed simultaneously with iron in blastfurnace or electric pig iron furnace. Granulated slag is obtain-.
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For more than a century, the successful performance of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in Portland slag cement (PSC) has established it as a resource material [1], [2] and now it is a priced commodity in many countries. This has driven the cement industry to look for cheaper alternatives with properties comparable to GBFS.
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Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag concrete. GGBS hardens very slowly so it is generally used along with ordinary Portland cement in concrete. A typical combination is 50% GGBS and 50% ordinary Portland cement. But percentages of 20 to 80 are commonly used. Greater the percentage of GGBS, greater will be the effect of …
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The morphology of outer-product (Op) C–S–H in 20-year-old slag–cement pastes appeared in most blends to be finer than at younger ages. The Ca/Si and Ca/(Si + Al) ratios of the Op C–S–H decreased with increasing slag content, and the Al/Si ratio increased.The Ca/Si ratio of C–S–H in the slag-containing pastes was lower at 20 years …
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Using industrial wastes (fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag) as cement substitutes can reduce the environmental impact of construction and reduce costs. A few experimental combinations with different mix ratios were developed, and novel and challenging properties were investigated. All the studied samples had strong …
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Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity; therefore ...
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This paper investigates the possibility of utilizing Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) as a sand substitute in cement mortar, in order to reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste disposal. In this investigation, cement mortar mix 1:3 and GBFS at 0, 25, 50, 75 and replacement to natural sand for constant w/c ratio of …
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Slag cement (also called ground granulated blast furnace slag) is a hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. Molten slag is tapped …
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To assess the efficiency of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial substitute for cement and to improve the tensile and flexural strengths and serviceability of concrete, all tests are carried out according to Indian standard codes. ... Utilization and efficiency of ground granulated blast furnace slag on concrete …
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2.1 Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Black Rich Husk Ash. GGBS is obtained from JSW Cements Ltd., Bellari, India. GGBS is one of the primary binders to produce geopolymer concrete (GPC) conforming to the specifications of BIS: 12089–1987 [].BRHA is obtained from the rice mill near Karaikudi.
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Ordinary Portland cement (referred to as cement hereafter) with a strength grade of 42.5R I and Blaine fineness of 369 m 2 /kg was produced by China United Cement Group, The slag of S75 grade produced by Shijiazhuang Quzhai Building Materials was used. The chemical compositions of the cement and slag were measured with the …
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Portland blast furnace cement (simply called slag cement) refers to the hydraulic binding material ground by mixing Portland cement clinker, granular blast furnace slag, and …
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To investigate the synergistic effects of steel slag (SS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) on cementitious systems during carbon dioxide (CO 2) mineralization curing.Ternary paste specimens containing SS, GBFS, and Portland cement (PC) were prepared to analyze the influence of drying pre-treatment time and SS–GBFS mixing …
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Classifies the material under three categories: Grade 80, Grade 100, and Grade120. The grade classification refers to the relative strength of mortar cubes using the slag SAI test with a 50% replacement of OPC with a standard reference cement. 75% of the Control 28-day strength = Grade 80.
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The guide covers information on slag cement chemical properties and product types, storage, handling, batching, proportioning, and the effects on properties of fresh and …
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Granulated slag is the glassy, granular material formed when molten slag is rapidly chilled. Slag cement or GGBFS is granulated blast-furnace slag that has been finely ground and …
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Slag cement, when used as a separate component in a concrete mixture, is specified through ASTM C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortar. When used as a component in blended cement, one of two specifications are used: ASTM C595, Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements or …
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Granulated blast furnace slag is a by-product from the iron industry available in large quantities. Since it has high percentage of CaO (i.e. 30–45%), it has latent hydraulic properties.
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In this study, reactive magnesia (MgO)- and carbide slag (CS)-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) were used to stabilise a natural soil in comparison to Portland cement (PC). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test were employed to investigate …
DetailsAbstract and Figures. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is an eco-friendly material with regard to its production process and usage. In this study, slag cement (SC) is used to prepare different ...
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This paper presents results of laboratory testing of unrestrained drying shrinkage during a period of 154 days of different concrete mixtures from the Brazilian production line that utilize ground granulated blast-furnace slag in their compositions. Three concrete mixtures with water/cement ratio of 0.78(M1), 0.41(M2), and 0.37(M3) …
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containing slag cement was slightly higher than concrete without slag cement; this difference is considered insignificant. Quantatively, the average increase in shrinkage was only 2.9 percent, and when corrected for paste volume, this difference was reduced to about 1.5 percent. Additionally, the effect of the amount of
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This paper presents the results of an investigation into the influence of fineness and particle size distribution of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) on its hydraulic reactivity in cement systems. The GBFS was separated into different fineness classes by grinding and/or air separation. The particle size distributions were determined …
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It added that the grinding of granulated blast furnace slag was only being carried out domestically by cement companies. Imports of slag were 2Mt in 2022. This is a decline from a peak of 2.6Mt in 2018 but higher than the period 2000 – 2015. The price of slag, meanwhile, hit a high of US$53/t in 2022.
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The concrete industry in Egypt has incorporated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Concrete, BFSCC, as a replacement to Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete, OPCC, in favor to resist harsh conditions related ...
Details1. Introduction. As the cumulative amount of industrial solid wastes (ISWs) containing aluminosilicate components exceeds billions of tons [1], ISWs have been regarded as perfect candidates for replacing cement in concrete production.ISWs, such as granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash, steel slag, and copper slag (CS), are …
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