Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
Read More
Recycling concrete &building rubble is not only able to bring profit to investors, but also good for environment protection.
Read More
By absorbing the advanced technology from the world, we researched and designed PF series impact crusher.…
Read More
Base on the plentiful experience of producing and marketing of impact crusher, Sofol R&D institution…
Read More
Adopting technology from the world, PY Series spring cone crusher has an excellent performance in secondary…
Read More
The vibrating screen is a kind of sieving equipment of international advanced level, developed by our…
Read More
Sofol VSI Series vertical shaft impact crusher is designed by reputed German expert of Sofol and every…
Read More
Copper Smelting in Late Bronze Age Cyprus: The Excavations at Politiko Phorades. December 2001. Near Eastern Archaeology 64 (4):204. DOI: 10.2307/3210830. Authors: Arthur Bernard …
Details
A computational thermodynamics model for the oxygen bottom-blown copper smelting process (Shuikoushan, SKS process) was established, based on the SKS smelting characteristics and theory of Gibbs free energy minimization. The calculated results of the model show that, under the given stable production condition, the contents …
Details
The site of Ayn Soukhna, located by the Red Sea coast (Fig. 1), provides the only fully documented example of Middle Kingdom Egyptian copper smelting technology known so far.The excavation of dozens of workshops dating to the beginning of the Middle Kingdom (between Mentuhotep IV and Sesostris I - year 9 (Tallet, 2018: 140–145), ca. …
Details
Oxygen-enriched bottom blowing copper smelting, a crude copper-smelting process, holds independent intellectual property rights in China. It was put into operation in Dongying, Shandong, China for the first time in 2008 and also industrialized in Vietnam in 2001 [1, 2], which has a good research trend in the treatment of copper scrap in the …
Details
Smelting ( q.v.) is the process used in blast furnaces to reduce iron ores. Tin, copper, and lead ores are also smelted. This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley. Smelting, process by which a metal is obtained, either as the element or as a simple compound, from its ore by heating beyond the melting point.
Details
The treatment of smelting slag has attracted much attention nowadays. This study investigates the influence of Na 2 S, CuSO 4, and FeCl 3 on sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide.
Details
In pyrometallurgy process involving drying, calcination and reductive smelting steps, Saprolite ore is subjected in an electric arc furnace to produce Fe–Ni alloy and Ni matte. To optimize the nickel smelting step, the slag consisted of MgO–SiO2–FeO and having a lower viscosity and high fluidity is required. In this study, a number of new …
Details
How a copper smelter works. A basic flowsheet of smelting and refining can be found below [1, 2]: In a first step, smelting takes place in different types of furnaces depending on the raw materials and the process technology. An upper layer of slag and a lower one of matte, which has a copper content of approximately 55% form in the furnace.
Details
Materials. The smelting slag used in this study was obtained from a copper plant in China. Mineralogical analysis, performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicated that fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) phases …
Details
Bottom-blowing copper smelting technology was initiated and developed in China in the 1990s. Injection of oxygen-enriched high-pressure gas strongly stirs the molten bath consisting of matte and slag. Rapid reaction at relatively lower temperatures and good adaptability of the feed materials are the main advantages of this technology. …
Details
Process Flow. In copper matte smelting, fine and pulverized burdens (concentrate, solvent, dust, etc.) are uniformly mixed, dried (moisture less than 0.3%), and then stored in the feed bin at the top of a furnace. Burdens and oxygen-enriched air (oxygen content: 80–90%) are sprayed uniformly through the central divergent nozzle into the ...
Details
At present, the most popular method for cooling slag is ... Copper smelting slag and gypsum residue are by-products in copper making processes, and both contain valuable elements, such as copper ...
Details
Oxygen-rich side-blown bath smelting (OSBS) is a kind of copper smelting technology with high efficiency, energy-saving, and environment-friendly characteristics. However, emulsification and flow pattern as significant hydrodynamic parameters have been rarely studied for the OSBS process. The formation, size distribution of slag-matte droplets, …
Details
Process flow diagrams (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 for Cu smelting and ER process, respectively) were established for comprehensive e-waste processing that includes comminution, separation, and the recovery of value streams of metals and critical materials (including REEs) from scrap mobile electronics.Mass and energy balances for the BCS …
Details
Modern smelters are designed to collect at least 90 percent of the sulfur in the feedstock. These steps result in the following reaction: 2 CuFeS2 + 2 SiO2 + 4O2 → Cu2S + 2 FeSiO3 + 3SO2. Copper extracted by this method is combined with slag to create a material known as Matte Copper due to its matte look.
Details
Emission factors of Pb, As and Cr were 0.97, 5.92, and 0.28 g/t from copper smelting. Pb, As and Cr emission might be 30–60% underestimated by ignoring unfilterable PM. Fugitive emission contributed 70–90% of HMs to the atmosphere from copper smelting. Heavy metal emissions from non-ferrous smelting plants have been a rising …
Details
The leaching behaviors of primary copper (Cu) slags originating from Ausmelt, reverbatory, and converter furnaces operating under a single technological process were compared to a residual slag tailing obtained by slag re-processing via flotation and metal recovery. The EN 12457-2 leaching test, used for assessment of the …
Details
The production of copper in the flash smelting process is accompanied with a large amount of copper-rich slag, which has to be treated with the aim of copper recovery. Copper flash smelting consists of blowing fine, dried copper sulphide concentrate and silica flux with air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen blast into a hot (≈1500K) hearth-type ...
Details
In addition, the copper matte and slag contain small amounts of [SbO1.5]mt and Sbsl, respectively, due to mechanical entrapment during the copper smelting process. The effects of copper matte grade on the contents of Sb in copper matte, slag, and flue gas are represented in Fig. 13.
Details
81. This smelter is concepts. In future sm lting projects, undoubtedly some of designed to produce 65,000 ton/day ofcopper; however, the these advances will be considered in th process evaluation . feed preparation and an casting de areas are designed for Although the flash smelting process has been in.
Details
Two-step copper smelting process (hereinafter Fangyuan Process) has been recently developed and patented by Dongying Fangyuan Company. This is the first and only process of this kind to produce anode copper in the world. And it can be summarized as below. The raw materials including concentrates and flux are simply …
Details
During copper smelting, the SO 2 pressure can vary from 0.1 atm at the bath smelting process to more than 0.9 atm in flash smelting processes with the use of tonnage oxygen. The effect of SO 2 partial pressure on the distribution of As at 60 wt pct Cu grade was calculated at 1523 K (1250 °C) for a slag saturated with silica.
Details
The method used to extract copper from its ores depends on the nature of the ore. Sulfide ores such as chalcopyrite ( CuFeS2 C u F e S 2) are converted to copper by a different method from silicate, carbonate or sulfate ores. Chalcopyrite (also known as copper pyrites) and similar sulfide ores are the commonest ores of copper.
Details
Copper industry uses several technologies compared to most other metals [1]. As a result of its predominantly sulphidic raw materials, severe harmful emissions to atmosphere and soil have been local and global problems. In the 70 year history of the Flash Smelting process for sulphide concentrates [2], significant
Details
Pure metal, often in the form of a metal bar or ingot. Obtaining metals from their ores, e.g., iron from iron ore, copper from copper ore. Melting. To turn a solid metal into its liquid form. Heating a solid metal until it reaches its melting point. Molten metal. Casting, reshaping metal, creating molds for various products, and recycling metal ...
Details
The Ausmelt TSL Process offers an integrated solution for copper smelting and converting or it can be coupled with existing site processes. The Ausmelt TSL Furnace can process copper concentrates with a wide range of copper contents and high impurities contents. For copper smelting the Ausmelt TSL Process has been installed in relatively small
Details
Copper losses during the Peirce-Smith converter (PSC) operation is of great concern in the copper smelting process. Two primary objectives of the PSC are to produce blister copper with a shorter batch …
Details
Electrowon copper cathodes are as pure as or purer than electrorefined cathodes from the smelting process. Thus they are well received by the market. Whereas the conventional process requires an estimated 65 MJ/kg of energy (not including scrap recycling ) the SX/EW process requires an estimated 15 MJ/kg (from heap or dump leaching) to 36 …
Details
Sofol is a well-known crusher and grinding mill manufacturer that offers equipment and solutions for customers from aggregates, mining and mineral grinding industry.
You can leave your message here, we'll send you an Email immediately.
Online ChatCopyright ©2000- 2024 Shanghai Sofol CompanySitemap
PE series jaw crusher is usually used as primary crusher in quarry production lines, mineral ore crushing plants and powder making plants.
GET QUOTE