Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
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A pi lot gas burner was placed above the condenser. exhaust to combust the non-c ondensable, flammable gases. Table 3 shows details of. the preparation of the charcoal samples. Approximately 30 kg ...
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Iron ore sintering is an important step in ironmaking by the blast furnace route. Sinter now accounts for more than 70% of the blast furnace burden. ... which is crushed to obtain the burden of required size for blast furnace. The undersize sinter fines are recycled to the granulation drum (Young, 1977; Dash and Rose, 1978; Hinkley et al., …
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IRON ORE SINTERING WITH CHARCOAL1 Lu2 ... coke breeze, higher mix moisture contents were required for sinter mixtures ... sinter size. The experimental results showed that it is possible to ...
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degradability and the size distribution which influences strongly the sinter performance within the blast furnace. Waters and co-workers(Waters et al. 1989), developed a mathematical model to predict the final size dist ribution of the sinter product, however, as the authors pointed out, the model did not considered the kinetics of the sintering
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Coke combustion provides iron ores with the energy required for sintering. Fig. 1 shows a schematic dia-gram of the sintering process. Various kinds of iron ores, coke, and limestone are mixed with water in a rotating drum and form pseudo-particles. They are fed into a sintering bed having a length of ∼100 m and a
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Abstract. Sinter is the main iron-containing raw material for blast furnaces. As iron ore resources are gradually depleted, the types of raw materials for sinter are complicated, so their chemical composition often changes. At present, the common method for studying the sintering performance of iron ore is the sintering pot test.
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As-mined iron ore contains lumps of varying size, the biggest being more than 1 metre (40 inches) across and the smallest about 1 millimetre (0.04 inch). The blast furnace, however, requires lumps between 7 and 25 millimetres, so the ore must be crushed to reduce the maximum particle size.
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The iron oxide (FeO) content had a significant impact on both the metallurgical properties of sintered ores and the economic indicators of the sintering process. Precisely predicting FeO content possessed substantial potential for enhancing the quality of sintered ore and optimizing the sintering process. A multi-model integrated …
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Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often −8 mm in size into larger agglomerates, namely sinter, between 5 and 50 mm in particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics as well as gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.
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Sinter with optimum iron ore particle size yielded better sinter strength. Higher sinter strength is due to homogeneous distribution of silico-ferrites of calcium and alumina (SFCA) phases. Sinter ...
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Fig 1 Iron ore sinter. Types of sinter. Sinters are classified into acid sinter, self-fluxing sinter, and super fluxed sinter. Self-fluxing sinter has sufficient content of CaO (lime) in it which is required to flux its acid components (SiO2, and Al2O3). ... Discharging system makes the size of cold sinter such that there is no need of an ...
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For the ferrous burden of blast furnaces in China, sinter generally accounts for more than 70% and the sintering process accounts for approximately 6–10% of the total energy consumption of the iron and steel enterprise. Therefore, saving energy during the sintering process is important to reduce the energy consumption in the iron and steel …
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JSW Steel sinter plant receives iron ore fines of -10 mm size from Bellary - Hospet region which consist of 3 to 9% bigger than 10 mm and 30 to 35% smaller than 0.15 mm size fraction.
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In order to improve the permeability of the sintering bed for sinter ore productivity, Matsumura et al. [8] proposed the RF-MEBIOS (return fine-mosaic embedding iron ore sintering) process, in ...
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required to produce 0.9 Mg (1 ton) of product sinter. 12.5.1.2 Iron Production - Iron is produced in blast furnaces by the reduction of iron bearing materials with a hot gas. The large, refractory lined furnace is charged through its top with iron as ore, pellets, and/or sinter; flux as limestone, dolomite, and sinter; and coke for fuel.
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The sintering process is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ore fines, return fines, fluxes, and coke, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, with a screened size of 5 mm to 30 mm, …
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reducing energy consumption in iron ore sintering by reducing the coke ratio from top to bottom and oxygen enrichment without deteriorating the sinter property. 2. Experimental Raw materials were received from Tata Steel Jamshedpur whose chemical analyses are shown in Table 1. Joda iron ore of -10 mm was used for this
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Full size table. (a) A steady upward trend in the blast furnace efficiency by an average of 10–14%; (b) Specific coke consumption by 8%. The obtained results of the pilot cast iron smelting in the blast furnace can be used as supportive evidence for sinter production using combined fuel. Thus, according to the results of the studies, the use ...
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Iron ore sintering is a major source of gaseous and particulate pollutants emission in iron smelt plant. The aim of present study is to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission ...
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The present article reviews the sintering process that the mixture follows, once granulated, when it is loaded onto the sinter strand. There, the sinter mixture is partially melted at a temperature between 1300-1480°C and undergoes a series of reactions that forms the sinter cake to be loaded into the blast furnace to produce pig iron.
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Moreover, the conventional iron making unit, i.e. blast furnace requires the raw material in the form of iron oxide with a size range of 10–120 mm. Sintering is the oldest agglomerate thermal process using iron ore mineral fines of 0.5–8 mm, along with the reductant, fluxes, and other byproducts of the iron and steel industry operated ...
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Quantitative XRD analysis of iron ore sinter and pellets3.5.1. Fundamental studies of sinter phases. Apart from natural iron ore, the Rietveld method has also been applied to study the phases presented in sintered iron ore, or iron ore sinter. A typical outcome from the Rietveld analysis of an iron ore sinter is shown in Fig. 3.4.
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Sintering process is developed mainly to utilize under size of lump ore called iron ore fines; which otherwise, could not be charged directly in blast furnace. ... to different required size fractions. Sinter of size <5mm will be re-cycled in the sintering process. Doc. No: SG/31, Rev no: 00 Page 3 of 6
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Sinter ore, iron ore concentrate, return, and metal-containing additives usually have a size suitable for the sintering process and are not sorted or crushed in sinter plants. Fuel and fluxes are supplied to the sinter plant in pieces, the sizes of which significantly exceed those required for sintering; therefore, they are crushed before being ...
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Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace.
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Softening-melting test, low temperature degradation test (LTD), reduction degradation index (RDI), tumbler index (TI), reducibility index (RI), porosity, mineralogy, and compo-sition are the main ...
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Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described to identify the key steps of the process, that is, granulation and thermal densification. Discussion is then focused on the effect of the chemical, physical, and ...
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Iron Ore Sinter. Iron ore sinter or simply called sinter is usually the major component of a blast furnace iron bearing burden material. Sinter normally consists of various mineral phases produced …
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Although iron ore concentrates are generally higher in iron grade and contain lower impurities, the finer size distribution of concentrates limits their usage in iron ore sintering. Therefore, pelletizing is needed to produce fired pellets from concentrates as burden materials for blast furnaces and direct reduction processes.
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