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Equipment Design. There are three main types of thickeners/clarifiers: bridge support, column support, and traction. In a bridge support thickener, such as the one shown below, the rakes and drive mechanism are …
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FIG. 7.46.2 Gravity thickener design data plots. Data plot procedure: 1. Conduct settling tests at various initial solids concentrations (a through d in panel A), covering the range of expected thickener influent solids concentrations; 2. Determine the settling velocity Vs for each concentration as the slope of a line tangent to the initial ...
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In this way, it is possible to obtain the exact relationship between the settling flux density of solids in the hindered settling or non-compression zone, and consequently the design parameters for a continuous thickener can be obtained for an underflow solids concentration range and sediment height range wider than those obtained from a batch ...
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The design method consists in measuring, in the labo ratory, the initial settling rate of a suspension with the concentration of the feed to the thickener and applying equation (6) to find the area S of the thickener. As we have already discussed, the concentration in the zone II of the thickener is not that of the feed
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The AMIRA P266 'Improving Thickener Technology' series of projects has sought to provide a firm scientific basis for feedwell and thickener design, a requirement as pressures on water usage in the ...
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The measurable parameters that can be used for thickener control include thickener feed flow rate, feed density, underflow density, overflow clarity, bed level, bed mass, rake torque, rake height, solids …
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The thickener is a circular unit. The sludge suspension is introduced into the centre, inside the centre well. ... polymer flocculation can be of considerable interest in order significantly increase the flow rates tolerated by the thickener. Table 1 provides a few design data applicable to the different types of sludge.
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Fix a narrow strip of paper on one side of the container. Mix pulp thoroughly. Draw a line on the paper at the top of the pulp and mark "0" minutes. For five minutes, at one-minute intervals, mark the point to which the solids have settled. This determines the free settling rate of the solids at the initial density.
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The thickener was applied at various concentrations (0, 4, 8, or 12 g/l) in the pretreatment bath to determine the effect of cationization on the optimal level of thickener. The concentrations of soda ash and urea in the pre-treatment were 40 and 100 g/l respectively.The fabrics, untreated cotton and cotton cationized with 100 g/l reactant, …
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Designing thickeners by matching hindered settling and gelled suspension zones in the presence of aggregate densification. Chemical Engineering Science 2015, 134, 297-307. …
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Wiring from the sensors was routed up the support structure to the transceiver, located in a protective enclosure on top of the support and above the liquid level of the thickener. The thickener is a 22.86 m diameter, high density thickener with a 3.66 m tank sidewall, producing 40-60 Pa yield stress underflow.
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The thickener underflow is generally used as a source of water for the air-charging units, although primary tank effluent or plant effluent may also be used. 12.3.3.2 Design Sizing The engineer shall provide the design basis for sizing the units and for the support calculation. Design sizing should be based on rational
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design maximises pulp concentration, and produces uniform, non-segregating underflow slurry with a paste consistency. E-® ultra-high-rate clarifier and thickener With its rakeless design, the E- uses novel technology to accomplish both clarification and thickening in a single unit that takes up minimal area. High-density thickeners
DetailsThe new 2nd Generation Paste Thickener builds on this proven performance with a range of innovative new features. For example, vertical load monitoring with the Smart Rake Lift system means the Outotec Paste Thickener is one of the only systems in the world that can detect early formation of rotating beds, enabling counteractions to be taken early.
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A log-log plot of this data usually will give a straight line of slope m. The static detention time calculated for the desired overflow clarity, and the observed bulk settling rate may be used, with proper scale-up factors that determine sedimentation area and depth requirements.For thickener sizing, the relevant relationship is:
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Abstract. In this chapter we analyze different methods of thickener design that have been proposed in the literature, in the light of their physical foundations. We distinguish three types of methods: (1) those based on the macroscopic balances, (2) those based on kinematical models and (3) those based on dynamical models.
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WEBThe solids flux curve is used to model the process of continuous sedimentation. It is employed mainly in design calculations to determine the required thickener area, the …
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In general, the early three-dimensional CFD thickener modelling work has revolutionized the understanding of the thickener and advanced the thickener development [5,19, 30, 36,37]. ...
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The design involves selecting a typical solids flux and calculating the required surface area by dividing the anticipated solids feed by the flux [3]. Area of the thickener: 2. Design based on Iaboratory data First Approach: It is the best technique if the Iaboratory data is available. Typical test is done by using a 1000mL-graduated cylinder.
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The data in the table below have been collected for the settling of flocculated suspensions using dilutions of 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. a) Plot the data and determine the settling rate of the suspension at each dilution. In each case, the settling rate should be determined graphically from the straight-line portion of the plot before compression begins. b) The final dilution …
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–– Superior–design– –– Experience:–over–200– ThickTech™–installations– How the ThickTech™ Outperforms Other RDTs Superior Drum Design Staged Screens: –Dewatering occurs in four distinct dewatering stages divided by split augers –Woven wire mesh size can be changed between stages to maximize–dewatering Roll Bars:
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A seminal work in thickener modeling is the kinematic theory by Kynch (1952), which describes the batch settling of an ideal suspension of small, equal-sized rigid spheres in a viscous fluid.
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Coe and Clevenger's design procedure was the only quantitative knowledge in sedimentation accomplished during the first half of the 20th century [20]. Based on Kynch's theory of sedimentation several authors [10], [11], [13], [21], [22] devised methods of thickener design. They affirmed that one settling plot had all the information needed to ...
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A thickener operating with such an underflow velocity should have an underflow concentration Cu as shown. By material balance, the underflow solids flux should be Gu as given by Eq. (3). The underflow operating line will be tangential to the flux curve if the feed flux GF is greater than Gu; as is the case of Fig 1.
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Specific Design Criteria Nearly static conditions are required in gravity thickening tanks in order to induce settlement. Therefore, the tank design must ensure a smooth, continuous flow of liquid at the center well, the s, and the solids removal point. Gravity thickener designs usually include circular tanks, 3-4
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It is reasonably easy to determine a thickener area requirement from settling data but that is simply the first step on a fairly long journey. You must apply judgement to the calculations to allow for surges in feed rate and for process plant tonnage increases, ore mineralogy etc. Rakes and rake torque control is also very important.
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2.2.8 Rectangular Thickener Considerations 23-16 2.3 Operational Considerations Related to Design 23-16 2.3.1 Feed Solids Source and Characteristics 23-16 2.3.2 Polymer 23-17 2.3.3 Underflow Withdrawal 23-17 2.4 Ancillary Equipment/Controls 23-17 2.5 Design Example 23-17 3.0 DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION THICKENER 23-18
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The simulation results showed good agreement with the operational data. Computing mesh for the industrial thickener. Flow rate of the launder and bottom of the thickener verses the feed flow rate ...
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Thickener Design-Continuous Thickeners. For designing continuous thickeners, the three most important parameters that need to be established are ... the area of the thickener. 14.3. Using the data of problem 14.2, determine. 1. the volume of sludge in the underflow and hence the compression zone height, 2. the height of clarification zone. …
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Let's watch a short video showing how a gravity belt thickener operates. The incoming secondary sludge ranges from 0.3 - 0.6% total solids while the thickened sludge leaving the belt ranges from 4 - 6% total solids. This indicates that the sludge leaves the gravity belt thickener about 10 times thicker than when it entered.
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Achieve 2% or more additional dry solids from your belt filter press or gravity belt thickener. When placed ahead of an existing belt filter press or gravity belt thickener, the Orege SLG TM sludge pre-treatment system changes the rheology of your sludge so that it releases water more freely. Its small footprint means it can likely fit in your existing facility.
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Thickener Operation Figure 13 shows a log-log relationship between underflow concentration and unit area at various interface heights for a desulfurization sludge. This graph was made from the data gathered in the continuous tests, considering the interface height recorded for each run instead of the inventory of solids in the …
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Design a clarifier-thickener for the pulp and paper wastewater using the testing data described in Figures 7-84 through 7-95 to accommodate an influent design flow of 10 million gallons per day (MGD) and to achieve 60% suspended solids removal at 3.5°C with an underflow concentration of 10,000 mg/L. Influent suspended solids (the raw ...
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A comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to predict likely full-scale performance under various process conditions, based upon a knowledge of thickener design, plant flows …
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The pilot-scale thickener facility used in this study is a closed loop system and is shown schematically in Fig. 1.A sample of slurry is mixed continuously in a 4.5 m 3 mixing tank, and pumped out of the mixing tank underflow into the pilot thickener. The thickener tank is a 2 m diameter by 2 m high side wall tank with a 14° floor and a small …
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