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7.1 Environmental and Health Effects of Oil Shale Mining and Processing. Oil shale mining presents possibly one of the greatest environmental problems of any resource, due to the extent of the deposit to be mined to obtain a few drops of oil, and the mode of mining. Mining above ground of oil shales requires huge quantities of rock to …
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The in-situ mining technology of oil shale based on electric heating is gradually becoming the research focus in this field. In this paper, the electric heating mechanism, pyrolysis mechanism, and entropy production theory of oil shale are introduced. The traditional electric heating technology ( Shell in-situ conversion process, …
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1. Introduction. Oil shale is an essential strategic resource with huge reserves and is rich in mineral resources in the world [1], [2].According to incomplete statistics, its reserves are about 1.0 × 10 12 t, 40% more than coal resources. Oil shale resources worldwide are mainly distributed around the United States, Russia, China, Estonia, and …
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On the Western Slope of the Rocky Mountains, teams of scientists and engineers are working on a feat of modern day alchemy: turning rocks into oil. The object of their attention is oil shale, a rock so rich in an oil-like substance that certain pieces will ignite when held up to a flame. Piceance Creek runs through lands that are part of the ...
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In September, total production of oil from shale resources in the United States will likely increase by 49,000 barrels per day to 8.1 million barrels per day (MMBbl/D) – the highest since April ...
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The Cane Creek shale is a difficult oil reservoir to develop. In the Big Flat area, about 3500 feet of interbedded sandstone, shale, and limestone overlie the Paradox Formation. From the top of the Paradox to the Cane Creek, there is about 3500 to 4000 feet of salt with thin, interbedded shale beds. Under the pressure and temperature of deep ...
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Oil shales range widely in organic content and oil yield. Commercial grades of oil shale, as determined by their yield of shale oil, ranges from about 100 to 200 liters per metric ton (l/t) of rock. The U.S. Geological Survey has used a lower limit of about 40 l/t for classification of Federal oil-shale lands.
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The great demand for oil shale resource development and the corresponding threats to the environment have resulted in the urgent need to assess the impact of oil shale in situ mining on the environment. In this paper, based on an analysis method developed by the previous literature and the Delphi technique, three secondary …
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Moreover, the dielectric properties of oil shale [27] strongly depend on the temperature. Last but not the least, oil shale upgrading involves multiple complex chemical reactions [28], [29]. Due to above factors, it's necessary to establish a new model for the in situ upgrading of oil shale under microwave irradiation, so that the ...
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3. Preserve Natural Resources. Shale oil extraction yields a residual substance, commonly called spent shale, containing minerals and char. Upon combustion, the char produces shale ash. Remarkably, the spent shale and ash possess properties that make them suitable for use as building materials, such as cement and bricks.
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The township and shale oil mining complex was established in 1906. The Newnes Oil Shale Mine produced low-grade oil. Set within beautiful mountain scenery, a collection of shanties, huts and buildings for the mining process were built. Today the ruins of the site are all that remains. Operational costs and the availability of lower-priced crude ...
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Here is a summary of the ten countries with the greatest technically recoverable shale oil resources worldwide, based on the EIA data. Top 10 Countries with Tight Oil Resources. ROBERT RAPIER
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Grey alder (Alnus incana) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) stands on forest land, abandoned agricultural, and reclaimed oil-shale mining areas were investigated with the aim of analysing the functional diversity and activity of microbial communities in the soil–root interface and in the bulk soil in relation to fine-root parameters, alder species, and soil …
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Oil shale - Surface Processing, Retorting, Pyrolysis: Four basic steps are involved in the aboveground processing of oil shale: mining the ore (either through underground or surface mining), crushing the ore to a size that can be handled by the retort, retorting (heating) the crushed shale to pyrolysis temperatures, and upgrading the oil obtained …
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Abstract. This paper describes geology, reserves, and open-pit mining of Chinese Fushun oil shale, as well as its utilization, including oil shale retorting, retort gas burning, carbon black ...
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Definition and Example of Shale Oil . Shale oil is the oil found in shale formations, and it comprises almost two-thirds of the onshore production of crude oil in the United States. As a result, the United States became the world's largest crude-oil producer, according to the Energy Information Administration.
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In the US, a study on the economic feasibility of oil shale mining conducted by Francu in Egypt showed that unless the price of crude oil reaches US $70–95 per barrel, a series of investments in mining, dry distillation unit construction, upgrading units, and auxiliary facilities will not be recovered (Francu et al., 2007). High-level oil ...
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Shale oil resources, noted for their broad distribution and significant reserves, are increasingly recognized as vital supplements to traditional oil resources. In response to the high fracturing costs and swift decline in productivity associated with shale oil horizontal wells, this research introduces a novel approach utilizing CO2 for enhanced shale oil …
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19/12/2022 15:14. Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock made up of layers of solid organic material derived from land plants, algae, woody plants, marine creatures, and other long-dead plant and animal life. Over time, this organic matter breaks down into oil and gas, both of which can then be extracted through a distillation process ...
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Unconventional for a Reason. Oil shale is a form of sedimentary rock that contains kerogen, which is released as a petroleum-like liquid when the rock is heated. Tar sands are a combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen, which is a heavy hydrocarbon. Like the kerogen in oil shale, tar sands' bitumen can be upgraded to synthetic crude oil.
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Oil shale must be mined using either underground- or surface-mining methods. After excavation, the oil shale must undergo retorting . This is when the mined rock is exposed to the process of pyrolysis — …
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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is one of the two methods for mining oil shale? Deep-sea drilling Fire treating Surface drilling Strip mining, If the following are energy returned on investment (EROI) ratios for particular energy sources, which of the following is the most efficient? 2:1 48/4 3 10:1, What is …
DetailsOil shale is a kind of potential alternative energy source for petroleum and has attracted the attention of energy researchers all over the world. Borehole hydraulic mining has more prominent advantages than both conventional open-pit mining and underground mining. It is very important to attempt to use the borehole hydraulic …
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The history of oil shale mining in Estonia has reached its century mark. Three oil shale branches have been formed and have been working on the basis of Estonian oil shale deposits: the mining industry (underground and surface extraction), the power industry (heat and electric energy generation), and the chemical industry (gas and …
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Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry. Almond Valley Heritage Trust Millfield, Livingston West Lothian, EH54 7AR
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This paper mainly describes the world's commercial oil shale retorting technologies, including lump oil shale and particulate oil shale retorting technologies. Fushun Type Retorting, Petrosix…. Expand. 32. 2 Excerpts. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "MINING AND UTILIZATION OF CHINESE FUSHUN OIL SHALE" by Y.
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Editor: Aili Vahtla. According to Ministry of the Environment figures, 10.7 million tons of oil shale were mined in Estonia last year, marking the highest volume of oil shale mined in the past three years. More than half, or 6.2 million tons, was mined by Enefit Power, a subsidiary of the Estonian state-owned energy group Eesti Energia.
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Locally called bings, these piles of waste rock are remnants of shale mining that occurred between 1851 and 1963. The tallest bing rises 95 meters (310 feet) above the surrounding land. One of the largest bings in area is the Five Sisters Bing in the village of West Calder south of Blackburn. The bing, which rises to a height of 73 meters (240 ...
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's competing hydraulic shovel, the PC8000-6, has a 42-cubic-metre capacity and will load the 930E-4SE haul truck in three passes. The PC8000-6 features chromium carbide liners on ...
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The technology for in-situ conversion of oil shale is based on hydraulic fracturing, whereby the fractured oil shale is subjected to heating through methods such as hot steam injection, electricity, combustion, and radiation (Liu, 2019).At elevated temperatures, the kerogen within the oil shale undergoes pyrolysis, resulting in the …
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Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for KANHA EARTH MOVERS AND MINING EQIPMENTS of Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. KANHA EARTH MOVERS AND MINING EQIPMENTS. ... See other industries within the Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas …
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Shale Oil: A type of unconventional oil found in shale formations. Shale oil can refer to two types of oil. It may refer to crude oil that is found within shale formations, or to oil that is ...
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The Almond River catchment in Central Scotland has experienced extensive coal mining during the last 300 years and also provides an example of enduring pollution associated with historic unconventional hydrocarbon exploitation from oil shale.Detailed spatial analysis of the catchment has identified over 300 abandoned mine and mine …
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Since the pyrolysis temperature of oil shale is mainly 400–500 °C, the actual temperature of in-situ mining of oil shale usually does not exceed 600 °C, so the predetermined temperatures are selected as 150 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. Additionally, oil shale at room temperature is used for comparison experiments.
DetailsThe total area of the region is 11,271 km2, with an average altitude of 80 m. It is rich in mineral resources, including 34 kinds of metal and non-metal resources. There are approximately 5.5 billion tons of coal resources, with large reserves of oil shale. 2.2. Sample Collection and Processing.
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Oil shale resources are typically expressed in either of two different ways: (1) as tons of oil shale, and (2) as crude-shale-oil equivalents contained in the oil shale. Global deposits have been estimated to be about 411 metric gigatons or to range from 2.8 to 3.3 trillion barrels (4.5 × 10 11 to 5.2 × 10 11 m 3 ) of recoverable oil ...
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Every year the opencast mining of oil shale in Northeast Estonia produces significant areas of degraded land, which needs restoration. Presently two underground mines and two opencast mines are in operation. As of 2006 the area damaged by oil shale opencast mining was 13,098 ha, of which 10,347 ha has been afforested (Kaar and …
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