Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
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Base on the plentiful experience of producing and marketing of impact crusher, Sofol R&D institution…
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Preparation of ceramic proppant. Firstly, two types of low-grade bauxite raw materials were crushed by a fluidized bed air mill. The particle size distribution of the two kinds of low-grade bauxite was tested by a laser particle size analyzer, and the results of the high aluminum type low-grade bauxite and the high iron type low-grade bauxite are …
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Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2.The effects of CaO and MnO 2 addition on the sintering behavior and the crush resistance of the bauxite-based proppants were investigated. The addition of CaO and MnO 2 promoted …
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The market trend for the hydraulic fracking technology is to use fewer chemicals and lower-density, higher-crush-strength proppants, for example, an apparent density less than 3.00 g/cm 3 (bulk density less than 1.65 g/cm 3) and strength no less than 52 MPa.The global market volume for low-density and high-strength proppant is about 2 million tons, and is …
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ISO 13503-2 is the standard test method for determining the hydraulic fracture proppant crush resistance, or crush resistance of proppants. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping fluids down a well at pressures sufficient to create fractures in the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation. Proppant is a granular material transported in the fluid to ...
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Committed to fracturing excellence SEPPE Technologies has been a trusted name for more than 15 years and has been at the forefront of bauxite products since its beginning, producing industry-leading aluminum oxide. SEPPROP ceramic proppants are ideal for fracturing virtually all wells, including unconventional wells like tight gas and shale …
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Similarly, Assem and Nasr-El-Din found that the crush resistance of proppants varies with the type of acid used in the fracturing process and crush resistance tends to decrease when the mud acid concentration increases. The results were 147% for bauxite proppant packs at 12:3 mud acid concentration (12.0 wt% HCl and 3.0 …
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This has a considerable impact on the sintering process of ceramic proppants. In addition, the high-grade bauxite was input to improve the molar ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2) of the formula, which was ...
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Ceramic proppants are manufactured from sintered bauxite, kaolin, magnesium silicate, or blends of bauxite and kaolin. Compared to silica sand, ceramic …
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Ceramic proppants are preferred in hydraulic fracturing because of their high strength, good sphericity, and excellent acid corrosion resistance. Bauxite is the main raw material of ceramic proppants, but with the increasing depletion of bauxite resources, substitutes for bauxite need to be sought.
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The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min–1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio ...
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The high crush resistance and ductility of metals or metals alloy, instead of collapsing, caused the proppant to partially deform under stress while still allowing oil …
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Proppant has been widely applied in the oil and gas exploitation during the hydraulic fracturing operation due to its unique properties, such as high crush resistance and adjustable density [1,2].
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Intermediate Strength Proppants. Fracturing proppant is made of high-quality bauxite and other raw materials and sintered with ceramics. It is widely used in fracturing of deep Wells and high-pressure oil and gas zones. ... --Made from bauxite ore, superior crush resistance in a broad range of applications; Available sizes: 16/20,16/30, 20/40 ...
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In this work high strength ceramic proppants have been successfully prepared by solid state sintering at 1450°C using low grade bauxite and varying contents of feldspar; XRD analysis revealed ...
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Here, smaller radii proppants showed greater resistance to proppant embedment than larger proppant sizes. According to the results, embedment values of …
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The laboratory conductivity tests at a proppant loading of 2 lb/ft 2 give a proppant pack height approximately half the height measured from the crush test (proppant loading 4 lb/ft 2). For example, at 40 MPa, the proppant height from the crush test is 10.97 mm for the mesh 40/70 Genoa sand and is 11.71 mm for the mesh 30/50 …
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Further investigation into the effects of proppant flow with fracturing fluid on proppant particle placement in hydraulic fractures was carried out by Blyton et al. (2018). The authors adopted the same simulation procedure as in Blyton et al. (2015). Particle motion and fracturing fluid between the walls of a fracture was simulated using a ...
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A high micro-proppant concentration results in proppant trapping at the inlet of the narrow fracture and high resistance to the flow, thereby the fracture conductivity is reduced. Moreover, if the fractures are wide and admissive, the micro-proppants with high concentration may fill all the channels and void spaces, forming a solid pack of ...
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High-density Sintered Bauxite Proppant, find complete details about High-density Sintered Bauxite Proppant, sintered bauxite proppant, high strength proppant, high density sintered bauxite proppant - SEPPE ... Made from sintered bauxite, outstanding crush resistance under high closure stress; Available sizes: 12/18, 16/20, 16/30, 20/40, …
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SinterMax is a bauxite based ultra high strength proppant. It is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 20.000 psi. ... EZFLOW-PROP is a bauxite based light weight proppant. it is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 5.000 psi. Download Technical Data Sheet.
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The results showed that ceramic proppants fractured into larger pieces under high confinement, and they maintained that size throughout the test, while sand …
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The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min –1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio of 8.5% under 52 MPa closure pressure and bulk density of 1.65 g cm –3. The proppants prepared by bauxite, waste ceramic sands and sintering aids ...
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Summary. Proppants are typically made up of sand or a manufactured facsimile of sand and are materials (typically silica sand, resin-coated silica sand, or manufactured ceramics) used to prop open the open fractures to promote flow and eventual extraction of crude oil and natural gas. The fracture conductivity (also referred to as …
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High crush strength and conductivity in the deepest wells. Intermediate Strength Ceramic Proppant is designed for high performance in natural gas and oil wells with closure stresses of up to 12,500 psi and higher. Characteristics: High flow capacity for optimal returns. Provides a high fracture conductivity in moderate depth wells.
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shale gas. The desired properties of fracturing proppants are high crush strength, low apparent density, good acid erosion resistance, high sphericity and high flow conductivity to increase the gas output and exploitation rate. Depending on the size and capacity of each well, each well can consume up to 1000 tons proppants. In 2013, the
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Abstract. The American Petroleum Institute (API) crush tests for proppants found in recommended practices (e.g. RP 56, 58, & 60) are typically used to compare the crush resistance of recognized API proppant sizes at a predetermined stress under dry and ambient conditions (API, 1995). This procedure has remained the same through …
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ALPHAPROP SERIES - AHS15 is an intermediate high strength proppant manufactured using bauxite as the principal raw material. Manufactured as per IS-13503-2 standard, AHS15 offers excellent crush resistance at pressures as high as 15000 psi, exhibits low acid solubility and possesses high sphericity and roundness across required sieve …
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The crush resistance test is performed by crushing a sample of proppants under increasing stresses. The highest stress level (rounded down to the nearest 1000 psi) under which the proppants generate no more than 10% crushed material is defined as the crush resistance (sometimes called the K-value).The higher the crush resistance is, the …
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Ideal proppants for hydraulic fracturing should have specific gravity less than 2.0 g/cm 3, ... To analyze the crush resistance of proppants, the sample was sieved into two sets, (A) corresponding to #30/60 and (B) to #16/30. ... High strength, ultra-lightweight proppant lends new dimensions to hydraulic fracturing applications. SPE 84308-PA
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Curable resin coated proppants showed the best resistance against proppant flow back as it forms a consolidated proppant pack. ... Selection of proppant should not be solely on the proppant's crush strength at the applied stress value but should ... (2016) used sandstone sample with 204 MPa elastic limit and high strength …
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The strength of a ceramic proppant is proportional to its density. Also, the higher-strength proppants, like sintered bauxite, cost more than ISP and LWP. Ceramic proppants are used to stimulate deep ( > 8,000 ft) wells where large values of in-situ stresses will apply large forces on the propping agent. Factors affecting fracture …
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What Is Frac Sand? "Frac sand" is a high-purity quartz sand with very durable and very round grains. It is a crush-resistant material produced for use by the petroleum industry. It is used in the hydraulic fracturing process (known as "fracking") to produce petroleum fluids, such as oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids from rock units that lack adequate …
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The objectives of this review study are to provide an overview of current proppant technologies, including different types, compositions, and shapes of proppants, new …
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It has the characteristics of good compression resistance, high sphericity, corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. ... They could partially or completely replace high-grade bauxite, and the prepared fracturing proppant could meet the needs of hydraulic fracturing. ... The proppant has stable performance and crush …
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Made from bauxite ore, superior crush resistance in a broad range of applications; Available sizes: 16/20,16/30, 20/40, 30/50 and 40/70. ...
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Fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence during proppant crushing are analysed using calibrated DEM proppant-rock assemblies. Importantly, this study …
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The desired properties of fracturing proppants are high crush strength, low apparent density, good acid erosion resistance, high sphericity and high flow conductivity to …
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