Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
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Base on the plentiful experience of producing and marketing of impact crusher, Sofol R&D institution…
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Sofol VSI Series vertical shaft impact crusher is designed by reputed German expert of Sofol and every…
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Industrial-scale hydrogen-ironmaking, also known as direct reduction of iron (DRI) using hydrogen, is a process that aims to produce iron without the use of fossil fuels ( Chevrier, 2020; van Vuuren et al., 2022; Tang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021; Ledari et al., 2023 ). This process has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide ...
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Sun et al. also found that the existence of volatile matter in coal improved the whole reaction rate of the direct reduced iron making [20]. The experiments about the reduction of iron ore pellets, coal containing pellets and charcoal (from biomass) containing pellets by H 2 were conducted [21], [22]. And the comparison results showed …
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Steelmaking accounts for 8% of the world's carbon emissions, and 69% of Rio Tinto's Scope 3 emissions in 2023. BioIron was invented by Rio Tinto's steel decarbonisation team after a decade ...
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Iron-carbon nanotube (Fe-CNT) nanostructures were synthesized in 15–30 s through the microwave irradiation of woven Kevlar ® fibers (WKFs) deposited with either polypyrrole (PPy) or polypyrrole/graphene oxide (GO). Microwave-induced growth of Fe-CNT on the base fibers is a simple technique and has not been previously reported using …
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Direct-reduced iron and its more transportable sister hot-briquetted iron have dallied in the wings of mainstream steelmaking as high-quality and low-residual furnace inputs for nearly 60 years. Suddenly the two have swept center stage for holding the key to steel decarbonization. Combined with hydrogen instead of traditional natural gas …
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In addition, the two reactors exhibited distinct behaviors: the liquid fraction increased when the absorber was changed from iron to carbon in reactor A, while in reactor B, this change reduced liquid yields from 76.6 wt% to 52.8 wt%. Download : Download high-res image (530KB) Download : Download full-size image; Fig. 6.
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Compared with the conventional combustion heating method with pulverized coal injection (containing 10% coal ash), microwave heating technology can avoid the introduction of coal ash and improve the TiO2 grade in the slag after direct reduction, from 39.49 wt.% of conven-tional heating to the theoretical value of 42.58 wt.% by gas-phase reduction.
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The small value of delta close to zero (∆ = < 0.4) represent good impedance matching, whereas If the criteria is not satisfied, delta shifts away from zero, exhibiting poor microwave absorption behavior. 3. Carbon-based microwave absorbing materials3.1. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
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Toward environmentally friendly direct reduced iron production: a novel route of comprehensive utilization of blast furnace dust and electric arc furnace dust. Waste Manag., 135 ... Basic study on microwave carbon-thermal reduction senarmontite (Sb 2 O 3) to produce antimony: high-temperature dielectric properties and a microwave …
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TEM image (Fig. 1 b and c) displays that the resultant featured a gauzy and wrinkled surface with scattered black spheres.A high-resolution magnified image shows a carbon dot about 10 nm in diameter. AFM images (Fig. 1 d and e) reveal that carbon dot and rGO layer thicknesses are about 3 nm and 15 nm, respectively.We define the …
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When the hydrogen reduction temperature was incerased to 800 °C, the content of metallic iron in the catalyst gradually increased from 0.34 to 21.43%, which enhanced the microwave response ability of the catalyst, and decreased the gas content in the pyrolysis product from 78.91 to 70.93 wt%; corresponding hydrogen yield also …
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The reduction of magnetite in H2 and CO atmospheres was compared using a microwave-heating technique. The reduction of magnetite in a mixed H2 + CO atmosphere was compared with respect to the effects of a microwave field and a conventional field. Microstructural changes were observed using an electron microscope. …
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The BioIron™ process is well suited to Pilbara iron ore fines and is a highly efficient use of biomass as it is primarily used as a reductant, with microwave energy driving the iron ore ...
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Bauxite ore is the main raw material used to produce alumina (Al 2 O 3) which is the feedstock for aluminum production.There are three main structural types of aluminum hydroxide minerals in bauxite: gibbsite (γ-AlO(OH) 3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)) [1, 2].Apart from the aluminum minerals, basic components of …
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The subsequent microwave reduction tests showed that the core-shell metallized pellets with the total iron content and metallization degree of 89.15% and 95.52%, respectively, could be obtained ...
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute is developing manufacturing technologies for low carbon electrolyzed iron powder to be used in iron-silicon electrical steel. In the proposed electrolysis technology, the simultaneous percolation of electrons and ions effectively allows for 3D reaction areas and enables the process to function at higher currents and rates. …
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The subsequent microwave reduction tests showed that the core-shell metallized pellets with the total iron content and metallization degree of 89.15% and 95.52%, respectively, could be obtained after microwave reduction at 1050 °C for 30 min under N 2 atmosphere. They had better reduction indexes than those produced from the …
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obviously increased with the reduction of iron oxide and the removal of Zn, K, Na, and C in the direct reduction. The DBF is quite rich in carbon (20.4 wt.%) which acted as a part of reductant in the direct reduction and was helpful for preparing carbon-containing pellets. The size distributions and specific surface areas (SSAs)
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In 2022, global direct reduced iron production is expected to reach 124.7 million tons, showing a 4.5% increase. The existing direct reduction ironmaking technology includes shaft furnace, rotary kiln, and fluidized bed. Figures 2 and 3 depict the classification and processes of SR and DR ironmaking. At present, the new process of low ...
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Microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used for growing carbon nanotubes [19], [20] or diamond deposition [21].Although very few works have been described, the synthesis of nanocarbons by the direct microwave irradiation of catalyst particles on a solid support is another possibility for …
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The blast furnace and direct reduction processes have been the major iron production routes for various iron ores (i.e. goethite, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, siderite, etc.) in the past few decades, but the challenges of maintaining the iron and steel-making processes are enormous. The challenges, such as cumbersome production …
DetailsIn this paper, carbon coated reduced graphene oxide/magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 hollow particles modified multi-walled carbon nanotube composites were prepared to obtain satisfied microwave shielding results. The introduction of the asphalt carbon was found to make a combination between RGO and magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 hollow particles …
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For spherical carbonyl iron powder mixed with reduced graphene oxide and then ball-milled for 60 h to fabricate rGO/FCI/epoxy absorbers with a thickness of 2 mm, the minimum reflection loss reaches −32.3 dB at matching frequency of 11.0 GHz.. Download : Download high-res image (306KB) Download : Download full-size image
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Being different from a thermocatalytic process enabled by conventional heating, the locally hot temperature on the surface of the iron-based catalysts under microwave conditions induces the crystallization of the generated amorphous carbon to a cylindrical network and subsequent growth of tubular structures of carbons, i.e., CNTs …
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Request PDF | On Jul 1, 2023, Sachin Kumar and others published Rapid carbon-free iron ore reduction using an atmospheric pressure hydrogen microwave plasma | Find, read and cite all the research ...
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The invention discloses a microwave-fuel combined heating-type coal-based direct reduction method and a rotary hearth furnace. The method comprises the following steps of drying and pre-heating materials, reducing the materials by a fuel combustion method, and further reducing the materials by a microwave radiation method, wherein a reducer …
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The phase structures are studied with the scanning angles of 10 ∼ 80° in Fig.S1.After handling EDA, the characteristic peak of graphite oxide at 2θ = ∼11° (Fig.S2) vanished, and there was a new bread-like rise at 2θ = 22°, indicating the reduction of graphene oxide along with dehydration condensation reaction [34]paring NR-80 …
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In the first step, CI powder (40 g) was treated by hydrochloric acid (0.05 mol/L, 200 mL). This step aimed to remove impurities and iron oxides from the surface, and introduce hydroxyl groups (–OH) to activate the surface of CI particles [34], [35], [36].Next, the acid-treated CI powder was washed in deionized water for 3 times and in ethanol for …
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The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in all economic sectors is an important goal of the transition towards a sustainable energy system. The steel industry is one of the largest industrial CO 2 emitters and roughly two-thirds of the annual steel production can be attributed to the conventional blast furnace/converter route. In this …
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