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Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described to identify the key steps of the process, that is, granulation and thermal densification. Discussion is then focused on the effect of the chemical, physical ...
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During the tests, thermocouples were in-serted in the bed at the depth of 200mm and 400mm from the top surface to measure the temperature profiles at two different locations, as is schematically shown in Fig. 2. Figures 3 and 4 shows the temperature profiles at 200mm and 400mm from top of the sinter bed respec-tively.
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Sinter Plant Thermocouples: Product Type: Thermocouple: Temperature Range: Customized: Brand: Customized: Usage/Application: Industrial: Material: Stainless Steel: Power Source: Electric: We are renowned manufacturers of Sinter Plant Thermocouples.The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel. Sinter …
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1. Introduction. The energy consumption in sintering process is about 10%–15% of the total energy consumed in iron and steel companies in China [1], [2], and nearly 50% of the energy consumption in sintering process is carried away by the flue-gas in sintering process and the waste gas in cooling process.Therefore, recovering the …
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The sinter plant receives sinter feed iron ores, solid fuels and slag agents as fine materials from several sources and uses high-temperature reactions to promote the agglomeration phenomena...
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The sintering process is a well-established process in use at integrated steel making plants. It consists of an agglomeration through an oxidizing/reducing fusion of iron ore fines (sinter feed) and fluxing agents (lime, limestone, etc.) as well as re-circulated materials (dust, sludge, etc.) at temperatures between 1200 °C to 1400 ° C. A carbon …
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The sinter was allowed to cool in the pot and then subjected to a standard testing. flow meter probe control valve underpressure sensor burner thermocouples TESTO 350 T1 T2 T3 T4 O2 CO CO2 SO2 NOx Δp QE.G. Fig.1 Monitoring of sintering process 3 Results and Discussion Analysis of used fuels shows a several substantial difference between them.
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The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast …
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Trailing thermocouple tests on ISF sinter plants [11-12] have shown that although sulphur elimination is largely achieved because of the low peak bed temperatures, strong fusion of the granules does not occur in the bottom third of the updraft sinter bed.
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One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering process. 5 experiments were conducted, by varying the pellet fines from 0 to 50% in the iron ore blend.
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Sintering emissions and their mitigation technologies. L. Lu, ... X. Li, in Iron Ore, 2015. 18.2.2.5.1 Sinter plant heat recovery. Heat recovered from the waste gas of a sinter plant can be used to preheat the combustion air for the burners and to produce high-pressure steam, which can then be used in steam turbines to generate power. Various systems …
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Type K thermocouples are the most commonly used thermocouples in ceramic kilns. They are composed of chromel (an alloy of nickel and chromium) and alumel (an alloy of nickel, aluminum, and silicon) wires. Temperature range is noted by manufacturers as …
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Fig 1 Sintering process. Sintering process is basically a pre-treatment process step during ironmaking which is used to agglomerate a mix of iron ore fines, return fines, fluxes, and coke breeze, with a particle size of less than 10 mm, so that the resulting sinter, with a screened size of 5 mm to 30 mm, can withstand the pressure and the …
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To explore the feasibility of small-scale sintering pot testing, a 'millipot' facility (diameter of 53 mm and height of 400 mm) was established and used to examine the sintering performance of iron ores and other non-traditional ferrous materials. The sintering performance of a millipot was examined across a range of different …
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The sintering process, depicted in Figure 1, involves the application of heat to fine iron ore particles, transforming them into coarser grains [16]. Firstly, various raw materials, including iron ...
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The average moisture level in Tata Steel sinter plants vary between 6–7%. However, the amount of moisture in the first 6–8 wind-boxes goes to as high as 15–16%. The average waste gas temperature at Sinter Plant is 120–130°C. But the concentration of SO2 in the first few wind boxes is not high enough to form H2SO 4.
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7. The output yield as well as sinter quality and its consistency are measured with respect to CaO-SiO 2. CaO role on the blast furnace performance i.e. production, productivity, cock rate and quality output of the hot metal. Second Sintering Plant was commissioned at 6th BF stage and started on 1st August 197 9 with one Sinter Machine of 75 sq ...
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Sinter Plant. A sinter plant can process various materials into a finished product that has the desired chemical composition and grain size to be used in the blast furnace. Materials include iron ore fines, limestone, dolomite and waste dust, scale and slag particles. The mixture of materials are baked on a moving conveyor, ignited by burners ...
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In the sintering zone, less N 2 and much more H 2 were introduced. The processing gas was a mixture of 5.5 vol.% H 2 and 94.5 vol.% N 2 or 30 vol.% H 2 and 70 vol.% N 2. Highly pure nitrogen was used as the gas source with a water vapor content less than 1 × 10 −6 from the evaporated liquid nitrogen and hydrogen below 3 × 10 −6. The ...
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There are three possible heat-recovery options from the cooler: Preheating of combustion air for the ignition furnace and post-heating of the freshly ignited sinter. Selective waste Gas Recirculation System, providing coke and CO conservation. 2. Waste-heat recovery plant for steam and/or electric power generation.
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Suppose a sinter plant consumes coke breeze of ~50 kg/t.sinter, and the BF coke rate is around 500 kg/t.HM . The estimated gases generated from sinter plant are SOx ~35 % and NOx ~28 % of the total emissions in an integrated steelworks (Mou 1998). Owing to the incomplete combustion, the un-burnt carbon fragments and chlorine …
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The function of the Sinter Plant is to supply the blast furnaces with sinter, a combination of blended ores, fluxes and coke which is partially 'cooked' or sintered. In this form, the materials combine efficiently in the blast furnace and allow for more consistent and controllable iron manufacture. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a ...
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In a sinter plant, major areas of noise pollution are process waste gas exhauster fan, sinter cooler fan, and sinter crusher. Sinter plants act as sinks for solid wastes generated in steel plants. Wastes such as flue dust, LD slag mill scale, iron-bearing dust/sludge, etc. comprise of around 5% of total material used for sinter making.
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A thermocouple can be used for temperatures as high as 3100°F. T/Cs will respond faster to temperature changes than an RTD and are more durable, allowing use in high vibration and shock applications.
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A sinter plant is used to agglomerate iron ore to produce sinter, a product that can be used in a blast furnace.[1] According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of …
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Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace. ... and consists of fifty thermocouples, 5 on-bed flow meters, a thermal imaging device and a sub-gate ...
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Thermocouples: Thermocouples are temperature sensors based on the Seebeck effect, where a voltage is generated across the junction of two dissimilar metals. They are rugged, cost-effective, and can operate across a wide temperature range. In power generation, thermocouples are commonly used for temperature measurements …
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A Mathematical Model to Estimate Slag Flow Rate Using a Novel Stellite-Coated Thermocouple for Blast Furnace. Parabola-Based Flue Gas Temperature Modeling and Its Application in BTP Control of a Sintering Process.
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Thermocouples are mostly inserted in the three holes leaving the top hole in the side plate between hearth layer chute and green mix chute in the sintering machine of sinter plant. 3. Single channel of six channel wireless transmitter is connected to thermocouple via high temperature resistant cable and plug arrangement just outside …
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Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines (dust) with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. ... Each windbox was equipped with thermocouples (k-type) in order to monitor the off-gas temperature during sintering. The flue gases composition was monitored, according to EN1948 parts …
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Kembla Sinter Plant was used as the base feed for the millipot experiments. The components of the base green feed were (wet-wt pct-green feed basis at a total free ... 9212, National Instruments). Bare thermocouples were used to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurement. The suction pressure is monitored using a …
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Usually two thermocouples were used in the trials. The speeds of the sinter machine were maintained in the range of 130-140 cm/min during the first set trials and 120−130 cm/min for the second set. ... Instead, temperature is commonly measured in the ventilation hood above the sinter strand. This is used in many plants as an indication of ...
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Sintering is a thermal process (1300–1400°C) by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the iron and steel industry (mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc.), slagforming elements, fluxes and coke are agglomerated in a sinter plant with the purpose of manufacturing a sintered product of a suitable chemical composition ...
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The sinter plant process parameters can be linked with a higher productivity of sinter plant. Once this is found out, the sinter plant may be operated with those parameters to get an optimised productivity with the required sinter, microstructure and mechanical properties [2, 6,7,8,9]. Hardly any research has been done to understand and ...
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We are renowned manufacturers of Sinter Plant Thermocouples.The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel. Sinter plants, in combination with blast furnaces, are also used in non-ferrous smelting. View Complete Details. Get Latest Price Request a quote. M R Enterprises.
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