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R.P. GOEL. l Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IndiaABSTRACTThe conventional process for producing high carbon ferrochromium by smelting chromite ore in a submerged arc furnace is reviewed and its limitations highlighted with regard to (a) product quality through impurity removal, and (b) high. ower consumption for a given raw …
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Request PDF | On Oct 1, 2023, E.L.J. Kleynhans and others published Chemical beneficiation of chromite ore to improve the chromium-to-iron ratio for ferrochrome production | Find, read and cite ...
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Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical ...
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Pre-reduction of chromite ore is crucial for producing ferrochromium alloy by submerged arc furnace (SAF) smelting. In this study, an efficient method for low-temperature pre-reduction of chromite ore using biochar under microwave irradiation was explored to produce good burden for subsequent SAF smelting. The thermodynamic …
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In order to improve the strength of fired chromite pellets, some methods were developed, such as high pressure grinding rolling (HPGR) pretreatment, blending magnetite with chromite ore fines and addition of waste silica powder etc. [25-27]. These researches show that pelletizing is a suitable process for utilizing the chromite ore fines.
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Abstract. Supply of world chromite (chrome ore) has come under severe pressure over the past year driven by strong demand for ferrochrome used in ferroalloy production for making stainless steel. Many of the strategic minerals are inputs into products in fast-changing markets. This article reviews the major process flow sheets in …
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt ...
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Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the ...
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In order to realize the harmless and resource disposal of hazardous waste incineration residue (HWIR) and chromite ore processing residue (COPR), this paper prepares glass–ceramics by HWIR. The COPR was co-sintered with the base glass of HWIR to realize the solidification and stabilization of COPR. The results shown that the …
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rochrome production in 2013. Most South African producers have smelting facilities and chromite mines within the BIC [17]. 1.3. Beneficiation The beneficiation route of ore depends on the characteristics of the ore. Typically, low-grade ores with less than 45% Cr2O3 (typically 20% to 30%) require concentration
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The two main products of chromite refining are ferrochromium and metallic chromium; for those products the ore smelter process differs considerably. For the production of ferrochromium the chromite ore (FeCr204) is reduced with either aluminium or silicon in ... * Clean up waste regularly and abnormal spills immediately.
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performance of chromite ore processing residue solidified products† Ming Xia, *abc Pengyue Su,a Hao Wang,a Huicheng Lu,a Haiyu Chen,a Shujie Zhao*d and Dongwei Li*e Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a hazardous waste because of leachable chromium, especially Cr(VI). Therefore, ascorbic acid (AA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) …
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abstract. Supply of world chromite (chrome ore) has come under severe pressure over the past year driven by. strong demand for ferrochrome used in ferroalloy production for making stainless steel ...
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Disposal of ferrochromium slag, a major industrial solid waste generated during production of ferrochromium alloy has been a serious problem owing to the presence of 7.8–12.0% residual chromium in it. The principal mineral phases in the slag were identified as forsterite, fayalite, magnesiochromite and chromferide. Microscopic and …
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1. Introduction. The production of chromate from the roasted chromite produces millions tons of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) annually [1], [14].Due to the industrial incomplete roasting and leaching, about 6 wt% of Cr remain within COPR particles including 1130 − 8500 mg/kg of hazardous Cr(VI) [7].Unlike less toxic and less …
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In 2020, global ferrochrome production was 12.7 million tonnes in which China, South Africa and Kazakhstan rank as the top three producers. 14 Chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) ore is today the only economical chromium resource that contains about 45%Cr 2 O 3.It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically …
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These ores include platinum, palladium, rhodium, gold, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, (the PGM's) as well as nickel, copper and cobalt in economically. recoverable quantities. Three broad ore types ...
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Chromite ore is available in nature mainly in the form of Cr2O3.FeO which contains 40 - 52% Cr2O3 and 15- 20% FeO by weight. Global annual output of chromite ore is approximately 20 Mt, which has ...
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Manufacturing of chromium products yields 6 million tons of soda ash chromite ore processing residue (COPR) annually (Zhang et al., 2022). ... Copper slag (CS) is a solid waste produced during copper smelting. It is estimated that producing one ton of copper produces 2–3 tons of CS (Rüşen et al., 2012), and more than 30 million …
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Lead-Zinc Smelting Slag (LZSS) is an industrial waste produced during the smelting of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from their ores. ... Xu, G.J.; Zhao, Z.Q.; Yu, L.; Yan, Y.J.; Li, D.W.; Jiao, B. Immobilization of chromite ore processing residue with alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer. ... Santoro, L. Coal fly ash as raw …
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3.1.1. Chromite ore Chromite ore is the only commercial source of chromium. About 80% of world production comes from India, Iran, Pakistan, Oman, Turkey and Southern Africa (which produces half of this). In Zimbabwe, chrome occurs in two distinct geological environments; the Great Dyke and the Greenstone belts.
DetailsThe low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing ~ 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and ~ 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence considered as waste. Mineralogical investigation indicates the presence of chromite and quartz as major minerals with minor fuchsite and …
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In the present study, the tailings generated from a chromite ore beneficiary plant in India were investigated through a pyro-metallurgical route. The initial characterization confirmed the presence of nickel (0.5–0.9% Ni) in the ore, which led to the interest in smelting the ore to obtain nickel in the metal.
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the technology used in smelting the ore. New process technologies have been developed to reduce energy required for smelting chromite to ferrochrome. These technologies, together with the conventional chromite smelting technique, are what this paper aims to discuss. 2. Chromite Smelting Technologies
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reduction of chromite ore (FeO·CrO). Quartzite- and aluminium oxide-containing materials are used as additives to compensate for high magnesium contents that are found in some ores (Erdem et al. 2005). Chromite ore is considered to be inert and insoluble in water, with chromium mainly occurring in the trivalent state.
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07.29.2014. Slag is a by-product of the metallurgical smelting process. Slag has a double role: it permits removal of impurities, known as gangue, from the melt by forming oxides. It also allows exchange reactions with the liquid metal, permitting control of the process in order for the desirable elements to stay in the melt while the others ...
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Downloadable! Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the potential to prepare alkali-activated materials and solidify hazardous waste, realizing hazardous waste cotreatment. In this study, the experiment …
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Abstract The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing * 16% Cr 2O 3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and * 55% of SiO 2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence considered as waste. Mineralogical investigation indicates the presence of chromite and quartz as major minerals with minor fuchsite and ...
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1. Introduction. Ferrochrome is typically produced by the smelting of chromite ore in electric arc furnaces. Conventional smelting processes are energy intensive with variable energy consumptions from about 3 to 7 MWh per ton ferrochrome produced 1 with the lower range belonging to most advanced technologies like closed …
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At 1600°C and 3 h of smelting, satisfactory recoveries of the metals within the alloy were observed, showing further that the charge mixture containing 15% chromite ore, 85% saprolite-type nickel ...
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PGMs from high grade chromite ores (containing 200–2000 g/t PGM along with 0.4–2.8% Cr 2 O 3) are conventionally recuperated by matte-smelting-refining process as shown in Fig. 1 [3, 11]. The chromite rich ores are generally processed by conventional flotation in a mill-float-mill-float (MF2) open circuit prior to recovery of PGMs, in order ...
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The article presents the results of smelting of high-carbon ferrochromium (HCFeCr) from pre-reduced chromite raw materials. Experimental melts of three batches of pre-reduced chromite raw material with varying degrees of chromium metallization were conducted using a 0.2 MVA furnace at the Zh. Abishev Chemical-Metallurgical Institute in Karaganda.
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