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The laterite nickel rotary kiln cylinder is a heated rotating part, which is made of high-quality carbon steel plate, and the cylinder is supported on the rotating device by the kiln tyre, and is provided Mechanical or hydraulic thrust wheel on one or several gear supporting devices to control the axial swaying of the cylinder. 3. The ...
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is mainly used to make ferronickel, nickel matte, or nickel metal. Laterite nickel ore with a Ni content greater than 1.8% can be processed through pyrometallurgical methods. The production of ferronickel using the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace method involves a series of steps, including the transportation of raw materials, drying of
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The Need for Nickel Laterite Dryers. While drying is a common first step in many mineral processing operations, it is essential when it comes to laterites, which are typically surface mined in the tropics and can contain up to 30% moisture. ¹. This high moisture content gives laterites a wet and sticky quality, which makes further processing ...
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Two-thirds of the global nickel output is produced by the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 and low content of iron in laterite ore, high temperature (~1600 ℃) and huge energy consumption (approximately 4000 kW⋅h/t-ferronickel) are required during the smelting step. This chapter proposes an …
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Nickel is widely used in industrial processes and plays a crucial role in many applications. However, most of the nickel resource mainly exists as nickel oxide in laterite nickel ore with complex composition, resulting in difficulty in upgrading the nickel content using physical separation methods. In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates …
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The direct reduction method of rotary kiln is to dry laterite nickel ore, and to mix it with carbonaceous materials and flux limestone. It will be continuously fed into the rotary kiln after pelletizing. In the rotary kiln, the hot gas flow generated by the combustion of materials and coal moves against the burden, and it is dried, reduced, and ...
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The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) ... Reductive roasting of nickel laterite ore with sodium sulphate for Fe-Ni production. Part II: Phase transformation and grain growth. Sep. Sci. Technol., 51 (2016), pp. 1727-1735. CrossRef View in Scopus Google Scholar. Singhal et al., 2008.
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The construction of DRMS process on such a scale needs two rotary kiln lines with each production scale of 50 t/d for the reduction of nickel laterite. The two rotary kiln lines share the same systems including burden system, briquette system, screening system, mill control system and mineral separation system, and the capital cost …
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The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the most common method for ferronickel production from laterite ore. Since sulfur deteriorates the mechanical properties of ferronickel, it is essential to examine the routes through which sulfur is transferred to the nickel-containing product during the extraction process.
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In 2011, the nickel production in China amounted to 446 kilotons, with the proportion of electrolytic nickel and nickel pig iron (NPI) registering 41.5% and 56.5%, respectively.
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It contains about 35 wt-% free water so is dried in a rotary kiln, with the product still containing approximately 10 - 13 wt-% water. Most of this water is chemically bound within such minerals as garnierite (Mg,Ni) 3 Si 2 O 5 ... Overall, the modelling of the electric furnace smelting of nickel laterite calcines has provided .
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In this study, low grade nickel laterite ore was processed by means of isothermal-temperature gradient method to produce ferronickel nugget. The ore and coal as reductant were ground to obtain the grain size of less than 0.25 mm and 0.425 mm, respectively. Both ground laterite ore and coal were mixed, agglomerated in the form of …
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One main source of nickel besides nickel sulfide ore is laterite nickel ore. Laterite ore is more sustainable and has abundant reserves. Nowadays, nickel demands are increasingly needed either for the manufacture of stainless steel or nickel-based batteries. This study aims to study the smelting process of limonitic laterite nickel ore. …
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2.3 Direct reduction of laterite nickel ore in industrial scale Most laterite nickel ore processing is carried out using Elkem process. The Elkem process uses Rotary Kiln and Electric Furnace (RKEF) to reduce and smelt laterite nickel ore. Commercialization of Elkem process itself began with the development of a pilot plant in 19531954. At ...
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Rotary Kiln - Electric Furnace (RKEF) process is the most commonly used pyrometallurgical technique for processing nickel laterite ores and is mainly suited for saprolite deposits.
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laterite nickel ore by microwave carbothermic ... which will hinder the production of the rotary kiln [4–6]. Due to environmental pollution problems, especially in the metallurgical
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This tool has been utilized for a variety of pyrometallurgical applications including ferrovanadium, nickel carbonate, nickel laterite, iron ore reduction, and spodumene (lithium) production. In this paper the direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron is used as an example. The model incorporates a large number of variables covering, amongst ...
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The utility model provides a rotary kiln for producing ferronickel from Indonesia Sulawesi nickel laterite ore through RKEF technical processing. The rotary kiln comprises a kiln body and a bracket provided with riding wheels to support the kiln body, wherein a drive and transmission device enabling the kiln body to rotate on the riding …
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Nickel laterite acid leaching technologies are underpinned by the use of sulfuric acid and this is the focus of the processes described below. ... S., Dalvi, A., Voermann, N., Candy, I., Wasmund, B., 2009. Nickel laterite rotary kiln –electric furnace plant of the future. Pyrometallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt. In: Proceedings of the 48th …
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Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further refining for the removal of impurities from the raw ferro-nickel.
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They concluded that the slag, flue gas of electric furnace, flue gas of rotary kiln and the sensible heat of laterite ores calcined are valuable for recovery. In fact, part of their suggestions have been applied in the present RKEF process. Norgate et al. [14] presented a life cycle assessment for the energy of nickel laterite processing.
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The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and ...
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Future of Rotary Kiln - Electric Furnace (RKEF) Processing of Nickel Laterites Contributors: Walker ... Nickel and Cobalt Recovery from Spent Ni-Metal-Hydride (NiMH) Batteries. Bertuol, D.A. / Amado, F.D.R. / Ferreira, J.Z. / Bernardes, A.M. et al. | 2009. print version 53 An integrated Approach to enhance Energy and Resource Efficiency and ...
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Laterite nickel rotary kiln is used for nickel-iron reduction. The main raw material is laterite nickel ore. The reducing agent can be cheap coal, peat coal, or medium coal. About laterite nickel. The main minerals of nickel ore include pyrrhotite, serpentine nickel ore, garnierite or nickeliferous pyrite, and red nickel ore. Nickel-iron is ...
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The laterite nickel ore is placed in the rotary kiln for drying intervention reduction at a temperature of 650-800 • C, and then placed in the reducing furnace at 1550-1600 • C for smelting ...
DetailsIn 2003, nickel from laterite sourced accounted for 42 % or about 510 kt Ni. By 2012 the share of laterite source nickel is expected to rise to 51 %. The growth in nickel supply has followed economic cycles and other world events. However on the whole nickel production has risen at a rate of about 4% p.a. (Figure 2).
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upgrading of low-grade nickel laterite ore. In this paper, by collaborating with anenterprise, its aim is to validate and promote a practical and efficient pretreatment technology to upgrading of low-grade nickel laterite ore by reduction roasting in rotary kiln followed by magnetic sepa-ration. The effect of roasting temperature of rotary kiln ...
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Laterite nickel ore with a Ni content greater than 1.8% can be processed through pyrometallurgical methods. The production of ferronickel using the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace method involves a series of steps, including the transportation of raw materials, drying of samples, moisture content testing, sample testing, smelting, pouring, …
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The low-grade nickel laterite ore used in this study was successfully upgraded through selective reduction by industrialized rotary kilns followed by magnetic separation. The results indicated that both iron metallization extent and nickel metallization extent showed obvious linear correlation. In addition, rational roasting temperature and …
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Two-thirds of the global nickel output can be attributed to the rotary kiln-electric furnace process. Due to the high contents of MgO and SiO 2 in laterite, a high temperature (∼1600 °C) and corresponding energy (approximately 14 GJ/t-ferronickel) are required during the electric furnace smelting.
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For the nickel laterite ore, under the synergistic effect of sodium sulphate and hydrogen, a nickel content and nickel recovery of 6.38% and 91.07% were obtained, respectively, with high product ...
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Nickel and iron were recovered from laterite nickel ore by reduction roasting-magnetic separation using SCC as reducing agent. The fluorine in SCC was fixed in roasted ore by adding CaO.
DetailsThe treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and …
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