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The Fangyangshan sulfides have relatively narrow ranges of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb (18.2984–19.0819), 207 Pb/ 204 Pb (15.7731–15.8107) and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb (38.6550–39.3092) (Table 4), suggesting that either the lead (and probably other ore metals) were from the same source or the different-sourced lead was homogenized …
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Long-term large-scale ore smelting has caused serious environmental problems, especially over HM load in various habitats for plants and microorganisms. Through our preliminary investigation, it is confirmed that the major HMs posing threats in the area are Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb (Qian et al., 2022). In all 7 sampling sites, samples …
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Altai orogenic belt is an important Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Fe polymetallic province in northwest China, with plenty of VMS deposits and ore resources (Fig. 1 a), which is an ideal place and natural laboratory for studying VMS deposits (Windley et al., 2002, Xiao et al., 2004, Yang et al., 2018b).The Ashele Cu-Zn deposit is the largest and most typical VMS …
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1. Introduction. Due to the rapid development of industrial and agricultural activities, heavy metals have been widely detected in the soil (Liu et al., 2020b).Owing to the persistence, high toxicity, and non-biodegradability, heavy metal contaminated soil has been considered as an increasingly severe environmental problem (Liu et al., …
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Silver equivalent (AgEq) –was calculated using conversion factors of 31.1 for Zn, 24.88 for Pb, 80.0 for Au, 1.87 for BaSO4, 80.87 for Cu, 80.87 for Sb, and recoveries of 90% for all elements.
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Black shale is an important host for redox-sensitive metals, such as Mo, Ni, V, U, Re, and a number of other metals including Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, etc. in various geological periods and settings (Holland 1979; Coveney et al. 1992; Pasava 1993).Metal-enriched black shale of Early Cambrian age occurs over several thousands of kilometers …
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The Francisco I. Madero (FIM) Zn–Cu–Pb–(Ag) deposit is located ~ 20 km west of the city of Zacatecas, in central Mexico (Fig. 1).It was explored between 1976 and 1994 by the Mexican Geological Survey (formerly Consejo de Recursos Minerales), using geophysical methods and drilling.The deposit was acquired by Servicios Industriales …
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The Tongshanling ore field is one of the most representative W–Sn–Cu–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits in the central-western Nanling Ore Belt, which developed multiple mineralization types ...
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The Lappberget deposit is currently the largest sulfide deposit in the mine with a combined mineral resource and ore reserve of 58 Mt at 3.42% Zn, 1.68% Pb, 0.06% Cu, 70 g/t Ag, and 0.41 g/t Au (Högnäs, 2019). It is mined and processed to produce four different concentrates: Zn, Pb, Cu, and a gravimetric concentrate targeted for Au and Ag.
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For treating such a new ore, bulk Cu-Pb flotation followed by Zn flotation has been recommended (Sehlotho et al., 2018). An example of a sequential Cu-Pb-Zn flowsheet is given in Fig. 14 . A first flotation stage is carried out at low pH (pH 6), in which the copper sulphide is floated while both galena and sphalerite are depressed.
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The Pusangguo deposit (1.42 Mt @ 1.42% Cu, 0.14 Mt @ 1.82% Zn, 0.08 Mt @ 1.01% Pb, and 285.8 t Co @ 140 g/t Co) is the first Co-rich Cu-Zn-Pb skarn deposit discovered in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. However, the trace and minor element geochemistry of the sulfides in this deposit has not been studied, limiting further …
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Kipushi ( Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is the most significant Zn– (Cu)–Pb carbonate-hosted deposit in the Copperbelt of Central Africa with total metal production of 6,622,116 tons Zn and 4,082,275 tons Cu from 1922 to 1993 when operations were suspended. The in-situ ore grades averaged 11.03 wt.% Zn and 6.80 wt.% Cu.
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The Huangshaping deposit represents the largest Pb Zn polymetallic skarn deposit in the southern Hunan district of Nanling Range (South China), which is uniquely characterized by having both Jurassic W–Sn–Pb–Zn and Cu–Pb–Zn skarn mineralization (reserves: 152.9 kt WO 3 @ 0.2 %, 43.2 kt Mo @ 0.06 %, 761.3 kt Pb @ 3.55 %, 1529.1 …
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The Xiong'ershan district is located in the middle of the East Qinling ore belt, and hosts a number of porphyry Mo (-W), vein/disseminated Au, breccia-hosted Au, and vein type Ag-Pb-Zn deposits, of which the vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn and Au ores usually developed in separation (Fig. 1).The Xiayu Ag-Pb-Zn-Au(-Cu) orefield is the largest Ag …
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The chemical composition within the 2 nd-neighbor local zone is then Zn + Cu 9.4 Zn 2.6 + Cu 3.5 Zn 2.5 = Cu 12.9 Zn 6.1, or Cu 67.9 Zn 32.1 in at.%, which is close to that of the alloy, Cu 68.9 ...
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A waste rock dump and a tailings dump are present in the northern area, whereas seepages from the adit and goaf are present in the southern area (Fig. 1).Contaminants in the seepages include Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn [10], which contaminate the creek in the mine area.Although passive treatment facilities …
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Drill core sulfide ore samples (weighing about 60 kg) were received from Garpenberg, Boliden Mineral AB, Sweden. Garpenberg is an underground mine where the complex Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu-Au ore (Table 2) is mined from 500 to 1400 m below the ground. The core samples were initially crushed to −3 mm using a laboratory jaw crusher for the …
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The Jurassic Cu–Pb–Zn deposits in the Qin–Hang ore belt mainly include the Dexing, Qibaoshan, Shuikoushan, Baoshan, Huangshaping, Tongshanling and Dabaoshan (Table 1).These deposits can be further divided into two sub-types according to their major mineralizing elements: 1) Cu-dominated deposits, including the Dexing, …
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Figure 11.9 shows the locations of non-sulphide Zn ore deposits in the world. Presently, about 85% of Zn production is from ZnS, especially as the flotation is very instrumental in the enrichment of Zn minerals from ZnS sources. ... Brazilian effluent limits for Zn 5.0; Cd and Pb 0.1; Cu 0.5; total Fe 10; Mn and Ni 1.0 mg/L and pH is 6.5–8.5 ...
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The large Hutouya ore district, located at the center of the QTMB (Fig. 1), hosts a Cu–Pb–Zn resource of 0.85 million tones (Mt) at an average grade of 2.05 % Cu, 5.79 % Pb, and 4.46 % Zn and Fe ore resource of 200 Mt at an average grade of 28.82 % Fe, respectively (Zhao et al., 2013). It includes both magnesian and calcic skarns …
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The Guanajuato mining district is one of the largest silver producers in Mexico, which has been in constant operation for over 450 years. Historic production has been approximately 34,000 tons of silver and 170 tons of gold (Endeavour Silver 2010).. The Guanajuato ore deposit is a low- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit (the …
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The imbalance between raw materials of high economic importance and their supply has increased the search for new approaches to obtain valuable elements from mining tailings. In this study, the extraction of copper, zinc, and lead from sulfidic tailing in sulfate–chloride media was investigated. A 33 Box–Behnken design was applied to …
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Porphyry Cu–Au–Mo–epithermal Ag–Pb–Zn–distal hydrothermal Au deposits in the Dexing area, Jiangxi province, East China—A linked ore system ... The most prominent features of orogenic-type gold deposits are ore-forming fluids enriched in CO2 and 18O, low- to mediumsalinity, and a temperature range from 250 to 350 °C (Goldfarb et ...
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The original ore-fluid of the Huogeqi Cu–Pb–Zn deposit in Inner Mongolia, northern China, was enriched in heavy oxygen isotopes with δ 18 O values ranging from 9.9 to 11.4 per mil, which is characteristic of the metamorphic devolatilization of pelitic rocks. The δD values determined by direct measurement of syn-ore hydrothermal tremolite …
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In the ore bodies, Cu, Ag, Pb, and Zn are significantly above the typical background contents, implying that these metals have been introduced. Metal contents in the RF are within the range of background contents of the Ks, suggesting that the metal source is external to the Ks. The RF–copper zones are coincident with underlying buried ...
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The Weibao copper–lead–zinc skarn deposit is located in the northern East Kunlun terrane, NW China. Igneous intrusions in this deposit consist of barren diorite porphyry (U–Pb zircon age of 232.0 ± 2.0 Ma) and ore-bearing quartz diorite and pyroxene diorite (U–Pb zircon ages of 223.3 ± 1.5 and 224.6 ± 2.9 Ma, respectively). Whole-rock …
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Another important example is the Archean Hongtoushan Cu–Zn deposit in Northeast China (Gu et al., 2007). In this study, we focus on the Pingshui Cu–Zn deposit, which is likely a Neoproterozoic VMS deposit in Southeast China. The Pingshui Cu–Zn deposit has 0.45 million tons of ore reserves with grades of 1.03 wt.% Cu and 1.83 wt.% …
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Soil heavy metal pollution resulting from human activities is causing major concern due to its potential risk. In this study, four crop species with different cultivars were planted in 2 levels (heavily and slightly) of heavy metal contaminated soils, and the accumulation of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible parts of the crops were investigated.
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The detection limits for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, using a vibrating electrode and 30 s of deposition time, were 0.2 µg L −1 for Hg, 0.3 µg L −1 for Pb and 0.4 µg L −1 for Zn and Cu, respectively. The proposed DPASV methods were successfully applied to the determination of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in a certified reference fresh water, river, tap ...
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The pyrite from the Qingchengzi ore district hosts variable amounts of As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Ag, Sb and Au (Fig. 7 a). Among those elements, arsenic is the most abundant trace element in most samples containing hundreds to 10 5 ppm. The subdominant elements are Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, Ag, Sb, which are in the range of tens to …
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Concentrations of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and major elements (Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al and Mn) as well as pHKCl and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured on 22 profiles located in a 3 km radius of a former ore treatment plant in Wallonia (Belgium). The enrichment factor (EF), vertical impoverishment factor (VIF) and …
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In comparison, other similar Pb-Zn mineralized and polluted zones, such as the Pb-Zn sulfide bearing mineralized zone of Indian plate in the Pazang and Lahor sites, had heavy metal concentrations in the order of Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd (Muhammad et al., 2011). It could be seen that the heavy metal contents in soils were different even in ...
DetailsThe Jinding Zn–Pb sediment-hosted deposit in western Yunnan, China, is the fourth largest Zn deposit in Asia (200 Mt of ore containing 6.1 % Zn and 1.3 % Pb; Leach et al. 2005; Xue et al. 2007).The ores are hosted mainly in sandstone and complex breccia within in an Early Cretaceous–Paleocene sediment sequence of the Lanping Basin.
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The Nibao fault-controlled gold deposit is one of the largest CTGDs in southwest Guizhou Province (Fig. 2), which is rich in mercury, antimony, arsenic, thallium, copper, lead, zinc, aluminium, sulfur, coal and barite (Zhang et al. 2003).Numerous studies of this district have been carried out to reveal the timing of Au mineralization, the source …
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The Xitieshan Pb–Zn deposit, located in Qinghai Province, western China, is the third largest Pb–Zn deposit in China, with a total Pb–Zn metal reserve of 6.4 million tons.
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A Cu-Pb-Zn sulfide ore from Somincor (Neves Corvo, Portugal) with a chemical composition of 0.5% Cu, 1.2% Pb, 7% Zn, 32% Fe and 43% S was used. ... SO 4 −2, S 2 O 3 −2, Ca +2 and Pb +2 ions were found to be the major ions accumulated in process water based on the long term plant scale water chemistry measurements. …
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1. Introduction. Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are one of the most important sources of metals (mainly Cu, Zn, Pb ± Au) in the world (Mercier-Langevin et al., 2011, Hannington, 2014, de Ronde et al., 2019).Metallogenesis of this kind of deposit is often complex and multistage, making it difficult for ore geologists to obtain detailed …
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